Name: Makalu Barun National Park
Type: National Park
Established: 1992
Area (km2): 1500.00
Buffer Zone (km2): 830.00
Description:
Established in 1992, Makalu Barun National Park and Buffer Zone, formerly a conservation area, is managed by the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Government of Nepal, with support from The Mountain Institute’s initiative. This innovative conservation model integrates protected area management and community development, fostering active involvement of local communities in safeguarding their forests, natural resources, and cultural heritage. Traditional resource management systems, including community-controlled grazing and forest guardianship, are being reinforced, with the introduction of low technologies where appropriate.
Features:
Stretching from tropical forests along the Arun River to icy mountain summits, Makalu-Barun National Park and Buffer Zone cover 1500 and 830 sq. km respectively, making it the only protected area on earth with an elevation gain of 8,000m. The skyline is a panorama of rugged Himalayan peaks, featuring Mt. Makalu (8,463m), the fifth highest mountain globally and the fourth highest in Nepal. Other notable peaks include Mt. Chamlang (7,319m), Mt. Baruntse (7,129m), Mera Peak (6,654m), and the locally renowned “peak hill.”
Climate:
The Makalu-Barun area falls under the eastern Himalayan climatic regime, experiencing an early onset (June) and extended duration of monsoon compared to western Nepal (until late September). The climate is classified as monsoon type, with over 70% of precipitation occurring between June and September. Pre-monsoon rain is common in April and May, contributing significantly to biome production. Due to extreme differences in altitude, slope, and aspect within the area, considerable variations in temperature and precipitation are expected.
Flora and Fauna:
Known for its remarkable diversity of plants, animals, and people, the area boasts 25 species of rhododendron, 47 types of orchids, and 56 rare plants. The wildlife includes iconic species such as the snow leopard, red panda, musk deer, and wild boar.
Park Facilities:
The headquarters for Makalu-Barun National Park and Buffer Zone is located at Murmidanda, Seduwa. Facilities such as a kerosene depot at Makalu Tourism Association, private lodgers in Tashingaou, and shelters for porters contribute to the trekking experience. Trekking groups are required to provide facilities to the porters. Designated campsites along the trek route help regulate the impact on vegetation, landscapes, and waste management.
How to get there:
Daily flights from Kathmandu to Tumlingtar, as well as flights from Biratnagar to Tumlingtar, offer access to the park. A 6/7-hour drive to Hile followed by a 3-day trek leads to Tumlingtar. Alternatively, the Inkhu valley of Makalu Barun can be reached from Lukla and Phalpu. Regular flights from Kathmandu to Tumlingtar are available.
Trail Safety:
Trails can be rocky and slippery, especially after rain or overnight freezes. Winter snows may persist on passes and high-altitude trails until April or May. Caution is advised on the trail between Mumbuk and Yangle Kharka due to unstable rockfall. Proper acclimatization is crucial to mitigate the risk of mountain sickness.
Camping Regulations:
Seven designated campsites, including Khongma (3500m), Dobato (3500m), Yangle (3570m), Neghe (3700m), Langmale (4100m),
Some Related links with Nepal Tour and Trekking:
Everest Base Camp Trek 12 Days
